1 00:00:10,549 --> 00:00:08,870 good morning and welcome to nasa's 2 00:00:12,390 --> 00:00:10,559 kennedy space center in florida where 3 00:00:14,950 --> 00:00:12,400 we're here today to talk with 4 00:00:16,310 --> 00:00:14,960 researchers and scientists who are 5 00:00:18,310 --> 00:00:16,320 excited because they are about to 6 00:00:20,230 --> 00:00:18,320 deliver some of their important research 7 00:00:22,950 --> 00:00:20,240 to the international space station 8 00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:22,960 aboard the spacex crs4 mission that's 9 00:00:27,670 --> 00:00:25,760 slated to launch on saturday morning i'd 10 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:27,680 like to introduce our folks who are here 11 00:00:31,269 --> 00:00:29,840 to talk with you today to my left is 12 00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:31,279 dwayne ratliff 13 00:00:36,709 --> 00:00:35,120 the chief operating officer for cases 14 00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:36,719 to his left 15 00:00:42,869 --> 00:00:38,960 mike yagli director of research and 16 00:00:45,190 --> 00:00:42,879 testing for cobra puma golf 17 00:00:50,310 --> 00:00:45,200 next dr eugene boland 18 00:00:55,189 --> 00:00:52,950 jason gilbert scientific 19 00:00:58,950 --> 00:00:55,199 associate for novartis institutes for 20 00:01:04,149 --> 00:01:01,590 and nikki werkheiser project manager for 21 00:01:06,149 --> 00:01:04,159 3d printing in xerog 22 00:01:07,750 --> 00:01:06,159 welcome everyone 23 00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:07,760 we kind of would like to encourage just 24 00:01:13,109 --> 00:01:09,840 an open discussion this morning 25 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:13,119 we have a number of our news media folks 26 00:01:17,429 --> 00:01:15,040 in the room as well as social media 27 00:01:19,270 --> 00:01:17,439 attendees for the nasa social 28 00:01:20,789 --> 00:01:19,280 and uh just kind of would like to have a 29 00:01:22,870 --> 00:01:20,799 dialogue about everything that's going 30 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:22,880 on and duane i wonder if 31 00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:24,240 we could start off with you and just 32 00:01:28,950 --> 00:01:25,600 give us a little bit of information 33 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:28,960 about cases and and the exciting uh 34 00:01:34,310 --> 00:01:32,560 plans you have once we launch the spacex 35 00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:34,320 falcon 9 and dragon this weekend yeah 36 00:01:37,109 --> 00:01:35,520 sure mike thanks so this is a great 37 00:01:38,870 --> 00:01:37,119 opportunity to be here and this panel 38 00:01:40,069 --> 00:01:38,880 actually really does a great job of 39 00:01:42,069 --> 00:01:40,079 representing 40 00:01:43,670 --> 00:01:42,079 cases and its partnerships and its 41 00:01:46,469 --> 00:01:43,680 opportunities to create 42 00:01:49,590 --> 00:01:46,479 utilization of the iss from an r d 43 00:01:52,630 --> 00:01:49,600 perspective um cases as you know is the 44 00:01:54,870 --> 00:01:52,640 non-profit partner with nasa 45 00:01:56,789 --> 00:01:54,880 in collaboration with nasa we are 46 00:01:59,030 --> 00:01:56,799 engaged in utilizing the international 47 00:02:01,749 --> 00:01:59,040 space station the national laboratory if 48 00:02:04,149 --> 00:02:01,759 you will as the ideal r d platform in 49 00:02:07,350 --> 00:02:04,159 microgravity low earth orbit 50 00:02:09,109 --> 00:02:07,360 our our focus really is to utilize iss 51 00:02:11,190 --> 00:02:09,119 for research and development that will 52 00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:11,200 have applicability back here on earth 53 00:02:14,869 --> 00:02:13,360 and so that's kind of the the divergence 54 00:02:17,589 --> 00:02:14,879 if you will from where nasa and cases 55 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:17,599 separates nasa is focusing its efforts 56 00:02:21,589 --> 00:02:19,680 on exploration and use of the iss for 57 00:02:23,589 --> 00:02:21,599 that research whereas cases is looking 58 00:02:25,030 --> 00:02:23,599 at how the research done on iss can be 59 00:02:26,710 --> 00:02:25,040 beneficial for 60 00:02:29,830 --> 00:02:26,720 folks back here on earth and so this 61 00:02:32,150 --> 00:02:29,840 panel really represents a good 62 00:02:33,750 --> 00:02:32,160 example of how we're doing that effort 63 00:02:36,790 --> 00:02:33,760 we have representatives here today that 64 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:36,800 are describing material science research 65 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:38,480 um looking at drug studies in the 66 00:02:42,949 --> 00:02:41,200 biotech and life sciences areas as well 67 00:02:45,190 --> 00:02:42,959 as new technology development and 68 00:02:47,350 --> 00:02:45,200 enabling technology that will not only 69 00:02:51,350 --> 00:02:47,360 help the iss serve as a better research 70 00:02:52,630 --> 00:02:51,360 and development platform but the um 71 00:02:54,229 --> 00:02:52,640 the information and the knowledge that 72 00:02:55,509 --> 00:02:54,239 we gather from that may be helpful in 73 00:02:57,509 --> 00:02:55,519 applications that will be derived here 74 00:02:59,509 --> 00:02:57,519 on the ground and of course with uh with 75 00:03:02,309 --> 00:02:59,519 nikki she rounds it out representing our 76 00:03:04,390 --> 00:03:02,319 nasa collaboration 77 00:03:06,470 --> 00:03:04,400 okay mike i wanted to ask you uh the 78 00:03:09,190 --> 00:03:06,480 idea and the concept of using the iss 79 00:03:11,110 --> 00:03:09,200 for commercial use um is not you know 80 00:03:14,070 --> 00:03:11,120 completely unique but the the idea of 81 00:03:15,750 --> 00:03:14,080 sporting goods is uh is very very 82 00:03:18,470 --> 00:03:15,760 interesting and wondering if you could 83 00:03:21,110 --> 00:03:18,480 tell us a little bit about that yes 84 00:03:23,430 --> 00:03:21,120 so we've put together an experiment 85 00:03:24,470 --> 00:03:23,440 that's going to help us understand 86 00:03:27,030 --> 00:03:24,480 uh 87 00:03:29,110 --> 00:03:27,040 how plating in a microgravity 88 00:03:32,309 --> 00:03:29,120 environment will 89 00:03:34,949 --> 00:03:32,319 potentially improve crystalline growth 90 00:03:36,869 --> 00:03:34,959 adhesion durability 91 00:03:39,750 --> 00:03:36,879 all of those things are 92 00:03:41,910 --> 00:03:39,760 very critical in making honestly a very 93 00:03:44,229 --> 00:03:41,920 good golf club right because our job is 94 00:03:46,789 --> 00:03:44,239 to make it fun for players to play golf 95 00:03:49,030 --> 00:03:46,799 in order to do that we've got objects 96 00:03:50,390 --> 00:03:49,040 that literally are seeing seven thousand 97 00:03:51,589 --> 00:03:50,400 g's and 98 00:03:53,270 --> 00:03:51,599 some environments are even more 99 00:03:54,070 --> 00:03:53,280 stressful and strainful than what you 100 00:03:55,910 --> 00:03:54,080 see 101 00:03:59,429 --> 00:03:55,920 in space and 102 00:04:01,270 --> 00:03:59,439 that research is very fundamental to 103 00:04:04,149 --> 00:04:01,280 being able to improve 104 00:04:07,830 --> 00:04:04,159 the durability potentially the adhesion 105 00:04:10,789 --> 00:04:07,840 characteristics of multi-materials 106 00:04:13,350 --> 00:04:10,799 the structural integrity of the of the 107 00:04:14,710 --> 00:04:13,360 surface so ultimately 108 00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:14,720 we'll get a very fundamental 109 00:04:18,310 --> 00:04:16,400 understanding of how 110 00:04:21,270 --> 00:04:18,320 the microgravity environment could 111 00:04:23,590 --> 00:04:21,280 improve a process that we use in making 112 00:04:25,350 --> 00:04:23,600 a golf club 113 00:04:28,310 --> 00:04:25,360 all right thank you 114 00:04:30,710 --> 00:04:28,320 gene the the tech shot bone densitometer 115 00:04:32,230 --> 00:04:30,720 has real interesting uh applications as 116 00:04:33,030 --> 00:04:32,240 well can you tell us a little bit about 117 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:33,040 what 118 00:04:37,909 --> 00:04:35,120 a little bit more about it 119 00:04:39,670 --> 00:04:37,919 absolutely so we've known for over 40 120 00:04:42,469 --> 00:04:39,680 years that 121 00:04:43,909 --> 00:04:42,479 you lose bone density in space 122 00:04:46,070 --> 00:04:43,919 but we've never been able to measure it 123 00:04:47,909 --> 00:04:46,080 in real time so this is going to provide 124 00:04:50,629 --> 00:04:47,919 a platform finally 125 00:04:53,270 --> 00:04:50,639 that's going to allow researchers to 126 00:04:55,749 --> 00:04:53,280 measure that bone loss in real time 127 00:04:57,749 --> 00:04:55,759 in collaboration with some outstanding 128 00:05:01,030 --> 00:04:57,759 researchers both in the commercial as 129 00:05:03,350 --> 00:05:01,040 well in the academic uh research fields 130 00:05:06,790 --> 00:05:03,360 and you know as a 131 00:05:10,469 --> 00:05:06,800 long-standing uh development or for nasa 132 00:05:12,070 --> 00:05:10,479 for hardware and uh since cases um start 133 00:05:14,390 --> 00:05:12,080 we've been an implementation partner for 134 00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:14,400 cases for developing hardware that uh we 135 00:05:17,670 --> 00:05:16,160 feel that uh you know our ability to 136 00:05:20,070 --> 00:05:17,680 develop world-class hardware for 137 00:05:21,350 --> 00:05:20,080 world-class researchers has a really 138 00:05:23,029 --> 00:05:21,360 kind of a 139 00:05:24,469 --> 00:05:23,039 hit and we feel that you know this being 140 00:05:25,909 --> 00:05:24,479 our first piece to the international 141 00:05:27,749 --> 00:05:25,919 space station 142 00:05:29,510 --> 00:05:27,759 kind of really marks puts a high water 143 00:05:32,469 --> 00:05:29,520 mark for tech shot and uh for some 144 00:05:35,430 --> 00:05:32,479 research moving forward 145 00:05:37,350 --> 00:05:35,440 okay thank you jason the uh 146 00:05:39,990 --> 00:05:37,360 for novartis this is a part of a 147 00:05:41,590 --> 00:05:40,000 potentially ongoing investigation and 148 00:05:43,189 --> 00:05:41,600 wondered if you could tell us a little 149 00:05:45,830 --> 00:05:43,199 bit more about 150 00:05:47,830 --> 00:05:45,840 the role of novartis sure um 151 00:05:50,070 --> 00:05:47,840 so i work for novartis institute of 152 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:50,080 biomedical research in the kadena lab 153 00:05:52,950 --> 00:05:51,440 and for us 154 00:05:54,870 --> 00:05:52,960 it's all about muscle 155 00:05:57,430 --> 00:05:54,880 that's what we're concerned with muscle 156 00:05:59,990 --> 00:05:57,440 mass and muscle function and more 157 00:06:01,830 --> 00:06:00,000 specifically preserving muscle mass and 158 00:06:02,629 --> 00:06:01,840 muscle muscle function 159 00:06:05,670 --> 00:06:02,639 so 160 00:06:07,510 --> 00:06:05,680 we've got this great opportunity to 161 00:06:09,430 --> 00:06:07,520 send an experiment into a unique 162 00:06:11,510 --> 00:06:09,440 environment where 163 00:06:13,350 --> 00:06:11,520 because of the microgravity muscle mass 164 00:06:15,189 --> 00:06:13,360 is directly affected 165 00:06:17,670 --> 00:06:15,199 so what we'll be doing is sending 166 00:06:19,990 --> 00:06:17,680 control samples up with normal 167 00:06:23,110 --> 00:06:20,000 functioning proteins and then sending up 168 00:06:24,469 --> 00:06:23,120 a knockout sample that has a murph 169 00:06:26,230 --> 00:06:24,479 protein 170 00:06:27,670 --> 00:06:26,240 knocked out and not functioning now 171 00:06:30,230 --> 00:06:27,680 murph is really cool it's a muscle ring 172 00:06:32,070 --> 00:06:30,240 finger protein and it labels 173 00:06:35,189 --> 00:06:32,080 other proteins for degradation and 174 00:06:37,510 --> 00:06:35,199 destruction so when mirth is active in a 175 00:06:39,990 --> 00:06:37,520 muscle that's in an environment that is 176 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:40,000 set up to get smaller that's what murph 177 00:06:43,350 --> 00:06:41,440 does it labels proteins and they get 178 00:06:46,629 --> 00:06:43,360 destroyed so what we're really hoping to 179 00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:46,639 see is in the knockouts 180 00:06:51,430 --> 00:06:48,960 situation where the muscle is actually 181 00:06:53,590 --> 00:06:51,440 spared from this atrophy in space 182 00:06:55,510 --> 00:06:53,600 now why is muscle important well 183 00:06:56,309 --> 00:06:55,520 unfortunately we're all getting older 184 00:06:58,550 --> 00:06:56,319 and 185 00:07:01,350 --> 00:06:58,560 once you reach about 65 naturally muscle 186 00:07:03,589 --> 00:07:01,360 mass starts to decline and this is also 187 00:07:06,070 --> 00:07:03,599 made worse by sickness 188 00:07:08,150 --> 00:07:06,080 things like cancer cachexia or bed rest 189 00:07:09,909 --> 00:07:08,160 so for us maintaining a person's muscle 190 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:09,919 mass is really important in these 191 00:07:13,589 --> 00:07:11,440 situations because it will lead to a 192 00:07:15,990 --> 00:07:13,599 better quality of life and maybe a 193 00:07:17,589 --> 00:07:16,000 faster recovery so we're really looking 194 00:07:19,990 --> 00:07:17,599 forward to this exciting opportunity to 195 00:07:22,070 --> 00:07:20,000 explore different methods and mechanisms 196 00:07:25,909 --> 00:07:22,080 behind muscle loss and how this could 197 00:07:28,790 --> 00:07:25,919 potentially help patients in the future 198 00:07:31,189 --> 00:07:28,800 okay nikki the the idea of 3d printing 199 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:31,199 has really captivated many of us and the 200 00:07:34,309 --> 00:07:32,240 idea of sending it up to the 201 00:07:36,950 --> 00:07:34,319 international space station seems to 202 00:07:38,309 --> 00:07:36,960 have all kinds of uh potential and i 203 00:07:40,469 --> 00:07:38,319 know that this is sort of a 204 00:07:42,550 --> 00:07:40,479 demonstration the first time around but 205 00:07:44,550 --> 00:07:42,560 uh can you can you 206 00:07:46,230 --> 00:07:44,560 elaborate a little bit on the technology 207 00:07:48,230 --> 00:07:46,240 and i know you have a 208 00:07:49,670 --> 00:07:48,240 demonstration model with you and some of 209 00:07:51,029 --> 00:07:49,680 the tools as well if you could just 210 00:07:53,749 --> 00:07:51,039 share some information with us we would 211 00:07:55,670 --> 00:07:53,759 appreciate it absolutely i would love to 212 00:07:58,309 --> 00:07:55,680 actually 3d printing has captivated me 213 00:08:00,629 --> 00:07:58,319 as well and it's especially important 214 00:08:02,390 --> 00:08:00,639 when we consider space travel human 215 00:08:04,550 --> 00:08:02,400 space exploration 216 00:08:06,150 --> 00:08:04,560 from day one the supply chain has been 217 00:08:07,909 --> 00:08:06,160 very constrained as you know we have to 218 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:07,919 launch every single thing that we ever 219 00:08:12,550 --> 00:08:10,160 need from earth 220 00:08:14,070 --> 00:08:12,560 so being able to make what you need on 221 00:08:16,469 --> 00:08:14,080 orbit when you need it 222 00:08:18,950 --> 00:08:16,479 is a real game changer so our first um 223 00:08:20,950 --> 00:08:18,960 this is our baby this is our 3d printer 224 00:08:22,950 --> 00:08:20,960 technology demonstration and it is a 225 00:08:24,869 --> 00:08:22,960 partnership between nasa and the company 226 00:08:27,029 --> 00:08:24,879 made in space inc 227 00:08:29,670 --> 00:08:27,039 it's through a small business innovation 228 00:08:31,990 --> 00:08:29,680 reason research award and it's in my 229 00:08:32,949 --> 00:08:32,000 opinion been a very ideal collaboration 230 00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:32,959 between 231 00:08:36,389 --> 00:08:34,880 nasa and a small business 232 00:08:38,709 --> 00:08:36,399 the first printer that we're flying is 233 00:08:40,709 --> 00:08:38,719 actually a technology demonstration and 234 00:08:43,029 --> 00:08:40,719 we it's that simply because the space 235 00:08:44,949 --> 00:08:43,039 station is literally the only platform 236 00:08:47,670 --> 00:08:44,959 in the universe where we can print an 237 00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:47,680 entire part in microgravity 238 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:49,839 made in space and nasa both have flown 239 00:08:53,910 --> 00:08:51,600 many parabolic or 240 00:08:55,350 --> 00:08:53,920 effectually known vomit comet flights 241 00:08:57,430 --> 00:08:55,360 where we've gotten a lot of data that 242 00:08:59,750 --> 00:08:57,440 shows that the the parts are equitable 243 00:09:01,670 --> 00:08:59,760 to those that we print on the ground 244 00:09:03,670 --> 00:09:01,680 however you can really only get 20 to 30 245 00:09:06,630 --> 00:09:03,680 second spurts of microgravity on those 246 00:09:08,630 --> 00:09:06,640 flights so being able to print an entire 247 00:09:10,949 --> 00:09:08,640 part which even our smaller parts may 248 00:09:12,310 --> 00:09:10,959 take 15 to 20 minutes space station is 249 00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:12,320 our only 250 00:09:16,310 --> 00:09:14,320 avenue for doing that that's why we call 251 00:09:18,949 --> 00:09:16,320 it a technology demonstration so the 252 00:09:21,190 --> 00:09:18,959 first phase will focus on the printer 253 00:09:23,269 --> 00:09:21,200 and the process but the second phase we 254 00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:23,279 do focus more on uh 255 00:09:27,269 --> 00:09:25,120 demonstrating the actual parts we print 256 00:09:29,670 --> 00:09:27,279 and their usefulness on space station 257 00:09:32,230 --> 00:09:29,680 for things like obviously science users 258 00:09:34,230 --> 00:09:32,240 science experiments and consumable 259 00:09:36,949 --> 00:09:34,240 laboratory equipment 260 00:09:39,350 --> 00:09:36,959 as well as crew tools we're working 261 00:09:40,230 --> 00:09:39,360 closely with the crew tools office 262 00:09:42,790 --> 00:09:40,240 even 263 00:09:44,550 --> 00:09:42,800 small satellite components and really 264 00:09:46,870 --> 00:09:44,560 the possibilities are endless and what i 265 00:09:48,710 --> 00:09:46,880 get most excited about are the things 266 00:09:50,790 --> 00:09:48,720 that we haven't even thought of yet 267 00:09:53,269 --> 00:09:50,800 because now when you can design a part 268 00:09:54,630 --> 00:09:53,279 to be printed in microgravity you don't 269 00:09:56,550 --> 00:09:54,640 have to worry about things like launch 270 00:09:58,710 --> 00:09:56,560 loads anymore which that has been so 271 00:10:00,870 --> 00:09:58,720 beaten into us from day one to design 272 00:10:02,630 --> 00:10:00,880 for surviving the the environment of 273 00:10:04,150 --> 00:10:02,640 launch so i think it's really going to 274 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:04,160 open up that design space and the 275 00:10:07,670 --> 00:10:05,680 possibilities 276 00:10:09,350 --> 00:10:07,680 and i think when we we get that call 277 00:10:11,430 --> 00:10:09,360 that first call for the part that none 278 00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:11,440 of us even really even thought of 279 00:10:14,630 --> 00:10:13,600 out of all the brainstorming we've done 280 00:10:17,990 --> 00:10:14,640 i think that's going to be a very 281 00:10:19,990 --> 00:10:18,000 exciting day 282 00:10:21,350 --> 00:10:20,000 okay uh for for questions please feel 283 00:10:23,110 --> 00:10:21,360 free to raise your hands and we'll get 284 00:10:24,389 --> 00:10:23,120 the microphone to you since we're on tv 285 00:10:27,350 --> 00:10:24,399 and we want everybody to be able to 286 00:10:29,990 --> 00:10:27,360 participate um marcia dunn 287 00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:30,000 associated press on the printer how is 288 00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:30,720 the 289 00:10:37,750 --> 00:10:35,680 how did you have to make it safe 290 00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:37,760 for the astronauts to use and talk a 291 00:10:41,430 --> 00:10:39,680 little bit about when it all how often 292 00:10:43,670 --> 00:10:41,440 it will be used and how they're going to 293 00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:43,680 use it right so i'll take the first 294 00:10:48,389 --> 00:10:46,240 question first and uh 295 00:10:50,310 --> 00:10:48,399 as far as how the actual 3d printing 296 00:10:52,389 --> 00:10:50,320 process works and the extrusion of the 297 00:10:53,910 --> 00:10:52,399 plastic it is actually very analogous to 298 00:10:56,310 --> 00:10:53,920 what we do on the ground 299 00:10:57,670 --> 00:10:56,320 and what you you hit it head on with 300 00:10:59,350 --> 00:10:57,680 what we really had to think about and 301 00:11:02,630 --> 00:10:59,360 work with made in space 302 00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:02,640 is the safety design the design for easy 303 00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:05,040 operations and autonomy 304 00:11:07,910 --> 00:11:06,240 obviously 305 00:11:09,750 --> 00:11:07,920 surviving launch loads and going through 306 00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:09,760 the astringent flight certification 307 00:11:12,710 --> 00:11:11,120 process 308 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:12,720 on the ground for example if you have to 309 00:11:16,710 --> 00:11:14,800 align your 3d printer 310 00:11:18,389 --> 00:11:16,720 you have to turn like thumb screws and 311 00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:18,399 visually align that that's very 312 00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:19,839 difficult in microgravity and we don't 313 00:11:22,550 --> 00:11:21,440 want to use crew time for that so we 314 00:11:24,150 --> 00:11:22,560 don't have to worry about that on this 315 00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:24,160 printer it's been designed where the 316 00:11:28,630 --> 00:11:26,800 structure itself compensates 317 00:11:30,550 --> 00:11:28,640 we do have a backup way for doing that 318 00:11:32,230 --> 00:11:30,560 but it is that a backup 319 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:32,240 also that the parts that we know will 320 00:11:36,069 --> 00:11:33,760 eventually wear out and have to be 321 00:11:37,990 --> 00:11:36,079 exchanged we've made those very modular 322 00:11:39,190 --> 00:11:38,000 maiden spaces has worked hard to design 323 00:11:41,509 --> 00:11:39,200 that 324 00:11:44,150 --> 00:11:41,519 we worked very closely nasa and maiden 325 00:11:45,670 --> 00:11:44,160 space throughout the design process 326 00:11:47,670 --> 00:11:45,680 to ensure that when we went through the 327 00:11:49,910 --> 00:11:47,680 flight certification and the operations 328 00:11:53,269 --> 00:11:49,920 and the safety process that the design 329 00:11:56,069 --> 00:11:53,279 did pass and and through the very first 330 00:11:57,509 --> 00:11:56,079 run of safety in flight cert it passed 331 00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:57,519 successfully which 332 00:12:00,630 --> 00:11:59,279 for a brand new technology and brand new 333 00:12:02,870 --> 00:12:00,640 hardware 334 00:12:04,870 --> 00:12:02,880 is is is challenging so we're very proud 335 00:12:06,790 --> 00:12:04,880 of that 336 00:12:08,629 --> 00:12:06,800 also that autonomy so we'll be able to 337 00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:08,639 uplink the files from the ground 338 00:12:12,870 --> 00:12:11,200 directly to the printer maidenspace has 339 00:12:15,190 --> 00:12:12,880 a laptop they can command from from 340 00:12:17,190 --> 00:12:15,200 their offices in california as well as 341 00:12:19,110 --> 00:12:17,200 we can command from the the control 342 00:12:21,590 --> 00:12:19,120 center in huntsville alabama directly to 343 00:12:23,269 --> 00:12:21,600 the printer so you can imagine how cool 344 00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:23,279 it will be and we'll be able to 345 00:12:28,389 --> 00:12:25,839 uplink or email a part to space instead 346 00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:28,399 of launching it and it's really a game 347 00:12:36,069 --> 00:12:33,990 so everything is enclosed though 348 00:12:38,550 --> 00:12:36,079 is is right this is always going to be 349 00:12:39,750 --> 00:12:38,560 sealed during operation um actually this 350 00:12:41,350 --> 00:12:39,760 this front door 351 00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:41,360 you can move the front door to remove 352 00:12:44,550 --> 00:12:43,120 the part remove the print the little 353 00:12:45,829 --> 00:12:44,560 print tray just slides out and the crew 354 00:12:47,509 --> 00:12:45,839 removes it 355 00:12:48,710 --> 00:12:47,519 and these these setup and the part 356 00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:48,720 remover are the only things that the 357 00:12:52,949 --> 00:12:51,200 crew has to do we're able to control the 358 00:12:55,110 --> 00:12:52,959 print and you'll notice the windows as 359 00:12:56,870 --> 00:12:55,120 well on the front and the side will have 360 00:12:58,949 --> 00:12:56,880 high definition cameras and we'll be 361 00:13:00,470 --> 00:12:58,959 watching live for the from the ground so 362 00:13:02,389 --> 00:13:00,480 that will provide immediate data 363 00:13:04,829 --> 00:13:02,399 feedback we'll be able to see 364 00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:04,839 in very 365 00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:05,920 detailed uh 366 00:13:10,629 --> 00:13:08,079 visuals how the the plastic is being 367 00:13:12,550 --> 00:13:10,639 deposited layer by layer which will will 368 00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:12,560 give us some immediate science feedback 369 00:13:16,310 --> 00:13:14,560 in addition the very first parts that we 370 00:13:18,310 --> 00:13:16,320 print they may not look really exciting 371 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:18,320 to the layman but they're exciting to us 372 00:13:23,509 --> 00:13:20,399 and we'll be doing all kinds of coupons 373 00:13:25,509 --> 00:13:23,519 uh tinsel flexure compression those very 374 00:13:27,750 --> 00:13:25,519 first parts we will also return to the 375 00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:27,760 ground and do detailed ground analysis 376 00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:30,240 and compared to the ground controls 377 00:13:34,230 --> 00:13:32,800 but but yes while it's being printed it 378 00:13:36,310 --> 00:13:34,240 remains sealed and then when done the 379 00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:36,320 crew just pops open that door removes 380 00:13:41,350 --> 00:13:37,680 the print tray and removes the part and 381 00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:42,790 i'd like to add just a little bit to 382 00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:45,040 that marcia cases is actually very very 383 00:13:48,629 --> 00:13:47,120 interested in what nasa is doing with 384 00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:48,639 this demonstration 385 00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:50,480 portion of this um we're hoping at the 386 00:13:54,069 --> 00:13:52,240 same time to maybe be able to to 387 00:13:56,710 --> 00:13:54,079 parallel with some of their efforts of 388 00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:56,720 ensuring that in fact you can add a 389 00:14:00,069 --> 00:13:58,480 manufacturer in space 390 00:14:01,670 --> 00:14:00,079 and then actually print parts we're 391 00:14:03,990 --> 00:14:01,680 we're also hopeful that we can start to 392 00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:04,000 look at how our customers may benefit 393 00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:06,560 from this as well we've noticed quickly 394 00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:08,959 there's really twofold opportunity here 395 00:14:14,150 --> 00:14:11,360 through the the safety processes and 396 00:14:15,829 --> 00:14:14,160 some of the technology design that was 397 00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:15,839 necessarily inherent 398 00:14:18,870 --> 00:14:17,360 in order for this to be manifested for 399 00:14:20,550 --> 00:14:18,880 flight there's actually applications 400 00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:20,560 that have been derived 401 00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:21,920 that can be applicable to the additive 402 00:14:25,670 --> 00:14:24,240 manufacturing process globally and on 403 00:14:27,430 --> 00:14:25,680 the ground and some of those things are 404 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:27,440 considering are still under 405 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:29,440 consideration and development 406 00:14:33,509 --> 00:14:31,680 but from our perspective 407 00:14:36,629 --> 00:14:33,519 if you consider cases 408 00:14:39,269 --> 00:14:36,639 first and foremost the supporter of an r 409 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:39,279 d laboratory where in general 410 00:14:43,430 --> 00:14:40,720 science is being conducted there's 411 00:14:45,269 --> 00:14:43,440 really two things that are pretty much 412 00:14:46,870 --> 00:14:45,279 a given principle in any type of science 413 00:14:48,230 --> 00:14:46,880 that you're doing one is that it's an 414 00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:48,240 iterative process 415 00:14:53,350 --> 00:14:50,880 and two you go through consumables it 416 00:14:56,470 --> 00:14:53,360 takes materials in order to conduct a 417 00:14:58,790 --> 00:14:56,480 series of experiments and by creating an 418 00:15:01,269 --> 00:14:58,800 additive manufacturing facility on orbit 419 00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:01,279 in our laboratory that in essence is a 420 00:15:04,710 --> 00:15:03,279 huge game changer for us because now we 421 00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:04,720 no longer have to wait for the next 422 00:15:08,470 --> 00:15:06,240 transportation 423 00:15:10,310 --> 00:15:08,480 opportunity up to space we know that 424 00:15:11,189 --> 00:15:10,320 science is iterative we know that for 425 00:15:12,389 --> 00:15:11,199 every 426 00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:12,399 question that's answered there are 427 00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:13,680 probably five new questions that are 428 00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:15,680 generated so to be able to continue the 429 00:15:19,350 --> 00:15:17,839 research without having to worry about 430 00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:19,360 the transportation logistics and 431 00:15:24,150 --> 00:15:22,320 consumables is a huge opportunity for 432 00:15:26,949 --> 00:15:24,160 for us as as well as 433 00:15:28,550 --> 00:15:26,959 nasa so we're very um excited to be able 434 00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:28,560 to partner with them on this in the very 435 00:15:32,150 --> 00:15:30,000 near future as well i should have 436 00:15:34,230 --> 00:15:32,160 mentioned uh after this technology 437 00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:34,240 demonstration we will follow with a even 438 00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:35,920 more sophisticated printer um that will 439 00:15:39,910 --> 00:15:38,000 be a commercial printer that that made 440 00:15:41,750 --> 00:15:39,920 in space has designed 441 00:15:43,030 --> 00:15:41,760 nasa will become a customer of that 442 00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:43,040 printer 443 00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:45,120 so that a lot of work will take place 444 00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:47,120 through cases as well as 445 00:15:51,350 --> 00:15:49,040 from a nasa perspective 446 00:15:53,350 --> 00:15:51,360 for exploration missions the supplied 447 00:15:56,069 --> 00:15:53,360 model that we use currently is just not 448 00:15:58,870 --> 00:15:56,079 feasible and so so we're very interested 449 00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:58,880 in continuing to evolve this technology 450 00:16:02,389 --> 00:16:00,800 eventually having an integrated suite of 451 00:16:03,990 --> 00:16:02,399 capabilities from 452 00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:04,000 everything from additive or printable 453 00:16:07,189 --> 00:16:05,440 electronics 454 00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:07,199 to larger structures additive 455 00:16:11,910 --> 00:16:09,440 construction where you could 456 00:16:13,990 --> 00:16:11,920 even use the in-situ resources somewhere 457 00:16:16,470 --> 00:16:14,000 like mars to build radiation shielding 458 00:16:19,189 --> 00:16:16,480 habitats or landing pads 459 00:16:21,350 --> 00:16:19,199 so everything from the smallest tool to 460 00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:21,360 the habitat you live in eventually 461 00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:22,880 for exploration and everything you might 462 00:16:26,470 --> 00:16:24,720 need along the way 463 00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:26,480 we hope to to establish through the 464 00:16:34,230 --> 00:16:32,470 ken kramer hi ken kramer universe today 465 00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:34,240 in america space two questions let me 466 00:16:37,749 --> 00:16:35,759 just follow up on the 3d printing are 467 00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:37,759 these examples of what you are going to 468 00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:38,800 be 469 00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:41,040 printing in space some of them are and 470 00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:43,440 some of them are just for fun but yes we 471 00:16:46,790 --> 00:16:44,480 definitely 472 00:16:48,150 --> 00:16:46,800 we're developing a utilization catalog 473 00:16:49,990 --> 00:16:48,160 that we'll be really focusing on i 474 00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:50,000 mentioned that phase one of the printer 475 00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:51,600 is to focus on the printer and the 476 00:16:55,110 --> 00:16:52,720 process 477 00:16:56,790 --> 00:16:55,120 phase two turns focus on the parts so 478 00:16:59,269 --> 00:16:56,800 we're working with payload developers 479 00:17:00,710 --> 00:16:59,279 working with the science community 480 00:17:03,269 --> 00:17:00,720 and the crew tools logistics and 481 00:17:06,069 --> 00:17:03,279 maintenance medical offices replacement 482 00:17:07,189 --> 00:17:06,079 hardware for exercise equipment 483 00:17:09,669 --> 00:17:07,199 and we've got placeholders in the 484 00:17:11,829 --> 00:17:09,679 catalog to explore all of those i will 485 00:17:14,309 --> 00:17:11,839 say um the key to this though is we want 486 00:17:16,949 --> 00:17:14,319 to be successful in understanding the 487 00:17:19,669 --> 00:17:16,959 foundation of the materials um in in 488 00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:19,679 their in design optimization using 489 00:17:23,909 --> 00:17:22,000 additive manufacturing is really key to 490 00:17:25,590 --> 00:17:23,919 the success of this as much or more than 491 00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:25,600 even the actual technology of the 492 00:17:29,350 --> 00:17:26,880 printer itself 493 00:17:31,029 --> 00:17:29,360 so in conjunction we're also developing 494 00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:31,039 the material databases which i know 495 00:17:35,510 --> 00:17:33,600 doesn't sound as exciting and thrilling 496 00:17:37,029 --> 00:17:35,520 but it really is and 497 00:17:39,909 --> 00:17:37,039 knowing how to design the parts where 498 00:17:41,830 --> 00:17:39,919 they function appropriately is important 499 00:17:43,110 --> 00:17:41,840 so when we design a wrench for example 500 00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:43,120 it may not look like the wrench that you 501 00:17:47,110 --> 00:17:45,280 get at your local supply store it may be 502 00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:47,120 shorter and squatter and fatter but it 503 00:17:51,669 --> 00:17:49,520 will do its job 504 00:17:53,190 --> 00:17:51,679 okay my other question is for techshot 505 00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:53,200 please can you tell us a little bit more 506 00:17:56,870 --> 00:17:55,120 details you mentioned you're going to be 507 00:17:58,870 --> 00:17:56,880 collecting the data in real time will 508 00:18:00,470 --> 00:17:58,880 you be transmitting it and receiving 509 00:18:02,789 --> 00:18:00,480 this data in real time how many 510 00:18:05,110 --> 00:18:02,799 astronauts are involved and how regular 511 00:18:06,630 --> 00:18:05,120 will you be making these measurements 512 00:18:08,710 --> 00:18:06,640 thanks 513 00:18:10,310 --> 00:18:08,720 so yes the uh 514 00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:10,320 the information can be uh can be 515 00:18:16,230 --> 00:18:12,720 downlinked so it's being collected on 516 00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:16,240 the express rack express rack laptop and 517 00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:19,360 can be downlinked in real time to 518 00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:20,880 to researchers 519 00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:22,480 and 520 00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:24,160 it's really up to 521 00:18:27,430 --> 00:18:26,160 up to the science community as to how 522 00:18:28,870 --> 00:18:27,440 often 523 00:18:30,710 --> 00:18:28,880 since 524 00:18:32,630 --> 00:18:30,720 right now we are the hardware developer 525 00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:32,640 we're not the we're not the science end 526 00:18:36,230 --> 00:18:34,559 user so that's going to be that's going 527 00:18:38,310 --> 00:18:36,240 to be determined by you know people like 528 00:18:39,350 --> 00:18:38,320 novartis who are going to be using the 529 00:18:41,190 --> 00:18:39,360 hardware 530 00:18:44,070 --> 00:18:41,200 um so i can't i can't necessarily answer 531 00:18:45,669 --> 00:18:44,080 the science question to uh how often the 532 00:18:48,070 --> 00:18:45,679 hardware is going to be used but it's 533 00:18:49,270 --> 00:18:48,080 going to be a permanent installation so 534 00:18:51,190 --> 00:18:49,280 um 535 00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:51,200 it must be some 536 00:18:56,710 --> 00:18:54,000 regular use of it right yeah there is um 537 00:18:59,430 --> 00:18:56,720 it's it's being part of is part of 538 00:19:02,310 --> 00:18:59,440 ames uh ruden research 539 00:19:04,150 --> 00:19:02,320 plan and again a scan is a scan for the 540 00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:04,160 hardware is approximately three minutes 541 00:19:08,070 --> 00:19:06,640 and can be used virtually indefinitely 542 00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:08,080 um 543 00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:16,559 expected endpoint of the station 544 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:18,400 so we're uh we're planning uh fairly 545 00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:20,720 regular usage um 546 00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:25,120 um pure um periodic usage throughout the 547 00:19:28,070 --> 00:19:26,720 throughout the life so 548 00:19:29,510 --> 00:19:28,080 i would say 549 00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:29,520 at least 550 00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:35,990 i'd add to that this is really a new 551 00:19:38,150 --> 00:19:36,880 model 552 00:19:38,950 --> 00:19:38,160 that tech shot 553 00:19:40,549 --> 00:19:38,960 along with some of the other 554 00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:40,559 implementation partners over the the 555 00:19:46,070 --> 00:19:43,679 recent past are sort of delving into and 556 00:19:47,190 --> 00:19:46,080 that is they are providing a service on 557 00:19:48,950 --> 00:19:47,200 orbit 558 00:19:51,990 --> 00:19:48,960 that can be obtained 559 00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:52,000 by any end customer and as nikki pointed 560 00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:53,919 out with respect to 3d printing both 561 00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:55,760 nasa and cases will ultimately be 562 00:19:58,390 --> 00:19:57,039 customers of the service that they can 563 00:20:01,190 --> 00:19:58,400 provide 564 00:20:03,510 --> 00:20:01,200 we really challenged techshot to 565 00:20:05,430 --> 00:20:03,520 determine if can you take a commercially 566 00:20:07,510 --> 00:20:05,440 available off-the-shelf 567 00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:07,520 piece of analytical equipment 568 00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:09,840 obviously harden it and make it safe for 569 00:20:14,950 --> 00:20:12,640 iss utilization but still keep it 570 00:20:16,390 --> 00:20:14,960 functionally as similar as possible to 571 00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:16,400 what our researchers on the ground are 572 00:20:21,430 --> 00:20:18,640 used to i think they really nailed all 573 00:20:24,230 --> 00:20:21,440 those requirements in doing so 574 00:20:26,230 --> 00:20:24,240 and i can't emphasize enough that using 575 00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:26,240 novartis as an example 576 00:20:29,190 --> 00:20:27,840 we know that microgravity really has a 577 00:20:30,390 --> 00:20:29,200 lot of opportunities in biomedical 578 00:20:32,630 --> 00:20:30,400 research 579 00:20:34,630 --> 00:20:32,640 in those areas primarily the area of 580 00:20:37,029 --> 00:20:34,640 bone loss and bone demineralization as 581 00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:37,039 well as muscle wasting or atrophy are 582 00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:38,799 two probably the ones that really bubble 583 00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:40,799 to the top as 584 00:20:45,830 --> 00:20:42,400 wanting to understand better the 585 00:20:47,669 --> 00:20:45,840 fundamental aspects of of those 586 00:20:50,390 --> 00:20:47,679 observations of microgravity but more 587 00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:50,400 specifically how we apply those to 588 00:20:53,909 --> 00:20:52,640 therapeutics and and perhaps even drug 589 00:20:57,270 --> 00:20:53,919 therapies so 590 00:20:58,549 --> 00:20:57,280 being able to actually analyze bone loss 591 00:21:01,350 --> 00:20:58,559 in real time 592 00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:01,360 in the laboratory without having to 593 00:21:05,669 --> 00:21:04,000 account for return to space and g-loads 594 00:21:07,669 --> 00:21:05,679 and how that may impact 595 00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:07,679 your sample is is again another game 596 00:21:12,310 --> 00:21:09,280 changer for us and it's huge and there's 597 00:21:13,830 --> 00:21:12,320 a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical 598 00:21:15,830 --> 00:21:13,840 areas that would like to continue to use 599 00:21:17,909 --> 00:21:15,840 that's going on in the future but as 600 00:21:19,909 --> 00:21:17,919 with any new technology there is a 601 00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:19,919 period of sort of demonstration 602 00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:21,760 that's what really this first element of 603 00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:23,360 this mission will be but we expect to be 604 00:21:29,029 --> 00:21:25,840 using it quite a bit 605 00:21:34,549 --> 00:21:32,390 uh matt coons from social media for 3d 606 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:34,559 printing from an engineering perspective 607 00:21:38,710 --> 00:21:36,640 what material are you starting with and 608 00:21:39,990 --> 00:21:38,720 what sort of property changes do you 609 00:21:41,590 --> 00:21:40,000 expect to see 610 00:21:44,070 --> 00:21:41,600 so the material that we're starting with 611 00:21:45,990 --> 00:21:44,080 for the technology demonstration is abs 612 00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:46,000 plastic which is the same plastic that 613 00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:48,640 the lego bricks are made out of so as 614 00:21:52,549 --> 00:21:50,080 you probably know we've flown quite a 615 00:21:54,870 --> 00:21:52,559 bit of abs through legos and through 616 00:21:57,430 --> 00:21:54,880 other parts and some of the cubesat 617 00:21:59,590 --> 00:21:57,440 components and structures have been abs 618 00:22:01,270 --> 00:21:59,600 the next printer we're looking at even 619 00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:01,280 stronger 620 00:22:04,950 --> 00:22:03,440 higher temperature plastics and there's 621 00:22:07,029 --> 00:22:04,960 several that we've been doing detailed 622 00:22:08,390 --> 00:22:07,039 ground studies on 623 00:22:10,630 --> 00:22:08,400 the abs 624 00:22:11,909 --> 00:22:10,640 there's still 625 00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:11,919 several things that we've been looking 626 00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:13,600 at that it will work quite well with and 627 00:22:17,350 --> 00:22:15,200 we're doing detailed ground 628 00:22:19,669 --> 00:22:17,360 studies and analysis as far as what will 629 00:22:21,350 --> 00:22:19,679 be different in microgravity 630 00:22:23,029 --> 00:22:21,360 there's no way to say for certainty i 631 00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:23,039 think that's probably the most exciting 632 00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:25,440 part about this is that 633 00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:27,840 we can't say with 100 certainty if it's 634 00:22:32,310 --> 00:22:29,760 going to be the same the parabolic 635 00:22:34,710 --> 00:22:32,320 flights have have led us to believe and 636 00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:34,720 we feel confident that it will be 637 00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:36,400 but we won't know that for sure until we 638 00:22:44,310 --> 00:22:42,549 yeah jamestown with spaceflight insider 639 00:22:46,310 --> 00:22:44,320 um obviously techshot the hardware is 640 00:22:48,549 --> 00:22:46,320 getting delivered now um and you're 641 00:22:51,110 --> 00:22:48,559 testing do you know when the first live 642 00:22:52,470 --> 00:22:51,120 specimen the small rodents or whatnot 643 00:22:53,590 --> 00:22:52,480 will be 644 00:22:56,149 --> 00:22:53,600 you know set up the station for the 645 00:22:57,669 --> 00:22:56,159 testing yeah so so the bone detectometer 646 00:23:00,470 --> 00:22:57,679 is part of a much larger project that 647 00:23:01,750 --> 00:23:00,480 both nasa and cases are collaborating on 648 00:23:03,350 --> 00:23:01,760 um and there will be more discussion i 649 00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:03,360 think later this afternoon and another 650 00:23:08,230 --> 00:23:05,600 briefing on on some of the uh model 651 00:23:10,149 --> 00:23:08,240 organisms that will be used but i think 652 00:23:11,510 --> 00:23:10,159 a general statement would be that on 653 00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:11,520 this flight will be not only the 654 00:23:15,430 --> 00:23:13,760 delivery of the densitometer but also 655 00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:15,440 the organisms 656 00:23:20,549 --> 00:23:18,320 i believe the novartis study for 657 00:23:22,870 --> 00:23:20,559 cases and some of the nasa studies 658 00:23:25,750 --> 00:23:22,880 require a 20 to 30 day period of 659 00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:25,760 microgravity exposure and then at that 660 00:23:29,350 --> 00:23:27,200 point there will be the endpoint 661 00:23:30,710 --> 00:23:29,360 analyses that will take place which at 662 00:23:34,630 --> 00:23:30,720 that point that's when the densitometer 663 00:23:40,230 --> 00:23:37,350 okay and in the back over here yes good 664 00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:40,240 morning chi ravilla from social media i 665 00:23:44,870 --> 00:23:42,240 also kind of had a question on the same 666 00:23:46,549 --> 00:23:44,880 line with the kind of interested in the 667 00:23:47,909 --> 00:23:46,559 bone density studies that are going to 668 00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:47,919 be performed 669 00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:50,400 um and kind of was interested if you 670 00:23:55,510 --> 00:23:52,559 could elaborate a little bit more over 671 00:23:58,149 --> 00:23:55,520 how the handshake takes place between 672 00:24:01,029 --> 00:23:58,159 what you learn in space and then how do 673 00:24:02,230 --> 00:24:01,039 you actually go go and apply on earth 674 00:24:04,630 --> 00:24:02,240 what you're going to be learning in 675 00:24:07,029 --> 00:24:04,640 space how that that you know process of 676 00:24:08,390 --> 00:24:07,039 transfer takes place 677 00:24:11,269 --> 00:24:08,400 well that's a great question let me try 678 00:24:13,269 --> 00:24:11,279 to kind of generally answer that um the 679 00:24:14,710 --> 00:24:13,279 one thing to really emphasize is that 680 00:24:17,029 --> 00:24:14,720 the iss 681 00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:17,039 is now that it's open and completely 682 00:24:23,950 --> 00:24:19,919 available for science utilization really 683 00:24:28,390 --> 00:24:26,630 multi-durational studies in microgravity 684 00:24:29,909 --> 00:24:28,400 take place 685 00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:29,919 yes there have been organism studies 686 00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:32,400 with respect to microgravity exposure 687 00:24:36,390 --> 00:24:34,240 and how that impacts bone loss how that 688 00:24:39,110 --> 00:24:36,400 impacts muscle wasting in the past but 689 00:24:40,390 --> 00:24:39,120 if you'll recall the the the at the most 690 00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:40,400 those exposures were as long as a 691 00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:42,080 shuttle sortie 692 00:24:44,870 --> 00:24:43,360 was 693 00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:44,880 so this really marks the first time that 694 00:24:48,950 --> 00:24:47,120 we can go many days many weeks and 695 00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:48,960 perhaps out into months 696 00:24:52,710 --> 00:24:50,640 to really clearly understand what are 697 00:24:54,149 --> 00:24:52,720 the impacts how does microgravity 698 00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:54,159 provide an ideal platform for 699 00:24:56,630 --> 00:24:55,360 understanding these physiological 700 00:24:58,390 --> 00:24:56,640 consequences 701 00:25:00,630 --> 00:24:58,400 so we're probably still on the very 702 00:25:02,390 --> 00:25:00,640 front leading edge of answering some of 703 00:25:05,269 --> 00:25:02,400 the basic questions that will 704 00:25:06,710 --> 00:25:05,279 will lead to application however at the 705 00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:06,720 same time you have companies like 706 00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:08,240 novartis and other commercial 707 00:25:12,470 --> 00:25:09,600 pharmaceutical 708 00:25:14,390 --> 00:25:12,480 interests that see this as opportunistic 709 00:25:16,549 --> 00:25:14,400 one because a lot of the basic science 710 00:25:18,390 --> 00:25:16,559 hasn't been answered and if they can 711 00:25:19,669 --> 00:25:18,400 sort of have the the first end look at 712 00:25:22,470 --> 00:25:19,679 it if you will 713 00:25:24,310 --> 00:25:22,480 and perhaps create intellectual property 714 00:25:25,909 --> 00:25:24,320 or other information that may be of use 715 00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:25,919 to them that helps them get to market 716 00:25:30,149 --> 00:25:28,559 sooner so how does the handshake take 717 00:25:31,830 --> 00:25:30,159 place 718 00:25:33,830 --> 00:25:31,840 cases 719 00:25:35,909 --> 00:25:33,840 tries to make it as simple as possible 720 00:25:37,590 --> 00:25:35,919 so we have entered into a user agreement 721 00:25:38,549 --> 00:25:37,600 with novartis 722 00:25:40,789 --> 00:25:38,559 for this 723 00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:40,799 portion of the research we have 724 00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:42,559 helped them with funding so they've 725 00:25:46,310 --> 00:25:44,720 provided a lot of their their cash as 726 00:25:47,990 --> 00:25:46,320 well as in-kind support we've helped 727 00:25:50,230 --> 00:25:48,000 with a little bit of funding but from 728 00:25:52,950 --> 00:25:50,240 that partnership we're basically 729 00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:52,960 opening the national laboratory for use 730 00:25:56,549 --> 00:25:54,640 so they can come in they'll conduct the 731 00:25:58,789 --> 00:25:56,559 research they'll go home and can 732 00:26:01,350 --> 00:25:58,799 complete their post-flight analytics if 733 00:26:02,789 --> 00:26:01,360 you will and from that um they now have 734 00:26:04,789 --> 00:26:02,799 ownership of the intellectual property 735 00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:04,799 and the data they've created 736 00:26:08,070 --> 00:26:06,320 and if i can expand just a little bit on 737 00:26:09,990 --> 00:26:08,080 that dwayne from kind of a nuts and 738 00:26:12,549 --> 00:26:10,000 bolts perspective 739 00:26:15,029 --> 00:26:12,559 when cases and nasa approached techshot 740 00:26:16,870 --> 00:26:15,039 and kind of challenged us to do this 741 00:26:19,669 --> 00:26:16,880 we kind of scoured the 742 00:26:21,510 --> 00:26:19,679 scar the research arena and we found 743 00:26:23,830 --> 00:26:21,520 what was state of the art 744 00:26:24,710 --> 00:26:23,840 and we have the same software platform 745 00:26:26,070 --> 00:26:24,720 so 746 00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:26,080 you know what was state of the art for 747 00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:28,240 ground research for looking at um for 748 00:26:33,269 --> 00:26:30,960 looking at bone loss and muscle loss in 749 00:26:34,710 --> 00:26:33,279 the laboratory that these uh that you 750 00:26:37,190 --> 00:26:34,720 know the the top researchers in the 751 00:26:38,470 --> 00:26:37,200 countries in the country were using 752 00:26:40,710 --> 00:26:38,480 they're going to see the exact same 753 00:26:42,789 --> 00:26:40,720 result the exact same screens the exact 754 00:26:44,630 --> 00:26:42,799 same user interface 755 00:26:45,990 --> 00:26:44,640 on station with the results that they're 756 00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:46,000 seeing in their laboratory so they're 757 00:26:49,029 --> 00:26:47,200 going to be able to make one-to-one 758 00:26:51,029 --> 00:26:49,039 comparisons that was you know that was 759 00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:51,039 critical to us to be able to present 760 00:26:54,789 --> 00:26:52,880 that to the user community so they're 761 00:26:56,789 --> 00:26:54,799 not going to have to learn a new user 762 00:26:58,470 --> 00:26:56,799 interface and knew it in anything else 763 00:27:00,149 --> 00:26:58,480 so we wanted to make sure that looks 764 00:27:02,630 --> 00:27:00,159 seamless whether it was on station or in 765 00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:02,640 their laboratory 766 00:27:06,710 --> 00:27:04,720 i have a question to uh just in general 767 00:27:08,630 --> 00:27:06,720 duane you know if you if you step back 768 00:27:10,470 --> 00:27:08,640 and you look at the diverse 769 00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:10,480 amount of payloads that we're talking 770 00:27:14,789 --> 00:27:12,240 about today and uh 771 00:27:16,950 --> 00:27:14,799 really really neat things um 772 00:27:18,950 --> 00:27:16,960 as far as the uh development of the 773 00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:18,960 internet of the international space 774 00:27:23,510 --> 00:27:21,200 station and the national lab portion and 775 00:27:27,430 --> 00:27:23,520 what cases is doing where do you really 776 00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:27,440 uh see the the the payload um 777 00:27:31,029 --> 00:27:28,640 market you know 778 00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:31,039 moving where do you see things uh you 779 00:27:34,950 --> 00:27:33,440 know successful in the near term and you 780 00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:34,960 know in the 781 00:27:39,510 --> 00:27:36,720 far term i guess that's a really great 782 00:27:41,190 --> 00:27:39,520 question and and i will say that um 783 00:27:43,830 --> 00:27:41,200 within the three years that we've been 784 00:27:45,269 --> 00:27:43,840 operating and clearly not ignoring all 785 00:27:48,549 --> 00:27:45,279 the work that has been done within nasa 786 00:27:50,950 --> 00:27:48,559 and research over um many decades there 787 00:27:53,669 --> 00:27:50,960 are three areas that seem to really sort 788 00:27:56,230 --> 00:27:53,679 of become emerging where there is a true 789 00:27:58,710 --> 00:27:56,240 value uh being described with respect to 790 00:28:00,149 --> 00:27:58,720 this being an ideal research platform um 791 00:28:01,590 --> 00:28:00,159 and i'll say we've been able to 792 00:28:02,710 --> 00:28:01,600 demonstrate this 793 00:28:04,950 --> 00:28:02,720 since 794 00:28:07,510 --> 00:28:04,960 we started operations ourselves we've 795 00:28:09,269 --> 00:28:07,520 issued over 10 million dollars in grants 796 00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:09,279 in areas of research 797 00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:12,159 and we've manifested 115 payloads as 798 00:28:17,590 --> 00:28:14,960 national lab payloads in those areas 799 00:28:18,870 --> 00:28:17,600 biomedical research and 800 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:18,880 biotech 801 00:28:22,630 --> 00:28:20,240 analysis 802 00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:22,640 development seem to be really the 803 00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:24,880 biggest emerging market or vertical and 804 00:28:28,870 --> 00:28:26,640 we have obviously placed a lot of focus 805 00:28:30,789 --> 00:28:28,880 on continuing to demonstrate that so 806 00:28:32,870 --> 00:28:30,799 that we will now have an application 807 00:28:34,230 --> 00:28:32,880 going forward 808 00:28:35,269 --> 00:28:34,240 second to that though interestingly 809 00:28:37,430 --> 00:28:35,279 enough 810 00:28:40,389 --> 00:28:37,440 mike and cobra puma golf represent the 811 00:28:42,070 --> 00:28:40,399 area of material science that largely 812 00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:42,080 is not well understood 813 00:28:45,269 --> 00:28:43,760 nor has it been capitalized with respect 814 00:28:48,070 --> 00:28:45,279 to how do the physical aspects of 815 00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:48,080 microgravity impact materials um from 816 00:28:53,510 --> 00:28:51,120 design duration uh sustainment and and 817 00:28:54,470 --> 00:28:53,520 and ultimately um impact here on on the 818 00:28:56,149 --> 00:28:54,480 ground 819 00:28:57,190 --> 00:28:56,159 cobra puma golf is a great example of 820 00:28:58,870 --> 00:28:57,200 that but there's a lot of other 821 00:29:00,549 --> 00:28:58,880 companies that are also interested in 822 00:29:02,310 --> 00:29:00,559 materials research 823 00:29:04,070 --> 00:29:02,320 for the sake of application and 824 00:29:05,269 --> 00:29:04,080 development for for product in the 825 00:29:06,789 --> 00:29:05,279 future 826 00:29:08,789 --> 00:29:06,799 the third area actually kind of goes 827 00:29:11,350 --> 00:29:08,799 outside and 828 00:29:13,990 --> 00:29:11,360 it looks at the iss as a unique 829 00:29:15,510 --> 00:29:14,000 observation platform for earth sensing 830 00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:15,520 and and um 831 00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:17,760 and observation and when you compare 832 00:29:22,950 --> 00:29:20,320 that to say geosynchronous satellites 833 00:29:24,630 --> 00:29:22,960 which um largely are what we rely on for 834 00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:24,640 earth observation and sensing and 835 00:29:29,750 --> 00:29:26,960 communication and what have you um iss 836 00:29:31,510 --> 00:29:29,760 has advantages it's it's not a 100 837 00:29:33,430 --> 00:29:31,520 solution to a lot of things but it 838 00:29:35,269 --> 00:29:33,440 certainly is a lot easier to get to 839 00:29:38,149 --> 00:29:35,279 and a lot more affordable to get to 840 00:29:39,590 --> 00:29:38,159 thanks to uh the cases model and and the 841 00:29:42,070 --> 00:29:39,600 cooperative agreement that we that we 842 00:29:45,269 --> 00:29:42,080 have with nasa so i think over the next 843 00:29:47,430 --> 00:29:45,279 uh 18 to 24 months we'll see a lot um 844 00:29:49,669 --> 00:29:47,440 increased interest in in the earth 845 00:29:51,830 --> 00:29:49,679 sensing and remote uh 846 00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:51,840 observations opportunities as well 847 00:29:54,549 --> 00:29:53,200 okay thank you 848 00:29:56,230 --> 00:29:54,559 uh we had a question in the front row 849 00:29:57,590 --> 00:29:56,240 here yes aaron hayworth from space 850 00:29:59,110 --> 00:29:57,600 flight insider this is a question for 851 00:30:00,870 --> 00:29:59,120 mike yagli i was wondering if you could 852 00:30:02,549 --> 00:30:00,880 tell us a little bit more about sort of 853 00:30:04,149 --> 00:30:02,559 what materials research you're planning 854 00:30:05,909 --> 00:30:04,159 and i guess what benefits we're going to 855 00:30:07,430 --> 00:30:05,919 see back here on earth from what the 856 00:30:10,710 --> 00:30:07,440 research you're doing is is going to pay 857 00:30:13,830 --> 00:30:10,720 off in yes so the materials themselves 858 00:30:15,990 --> 00:30:13,840 it's a it's an aluminum uh substructure 859 00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:16,000 and then a silver 860 00:30:21,590 --> 00:30:18,720 electroplating over top of it and the 861 00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:21,600 experiment is to understand the impact 862 00:30:25,110 --> 00:30:24,240 of microgravity on the crystalline 863 00:30:26,710 --> 00:30:25,120 growth 864 00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:26,720 of the material that's being deposited 865 00:30:31,750 --> 00:30:29,039 that'd be the silver and then the 866 00:30:33,590 --> 00:30:31,760 subsequent durability improvement 867 00:30:35,430 --> 00:30:33,600 structural improvement that can be 868 00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:35,440 gained from that and 869 00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:36,640 from a 870 00:30:40,630 --> 00:30:38,960 structural standpoint you have the 871 00:30:43,190 --> 00:30:40,640 improvement of 872 00:30:46,389 --> 00:30:43,200 the the actual plating that's put on the 873 00:30:48,789 --> 00:30:46,399 material itself and then there's some 874 00:30:51,190 --> 00:30:48,799 so the durability of that 875 00:30:52,149 --> 00:30:51,200 plating the durability of the structure 876 00:30:54,870 --> 00:30:52,159 the 877 00:30:57,350 --> 00:30:54,880 improvement or potential enhancement of 878 00:31:00,149 --> 00:30:57,360 joining dissimilar materials because 879 00:31:01,909 --> 00:31:00,159 there's plating and or other prepping 880 00:31:04,549 --> 00:31:01,919 processes that need to be done in order 881 00:31:07,510 --> 00:31:04,559 to to join things like titanium to 882 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:07,520 carbon composite or titanium to steel 883 00:31:13,029 --> 00:31:10,320 so in a in a golf club you've got a very 884 00:31:14,470 --> 00:31:13,039 complex structure that undergoes a ton 885 00:31:17,029 --> 00:31:14,480 of loads i was shocked when i got in the 886 00:31:18,950 --> 00:31:17,039 industry because i came from aerospace 887 00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:18,960 and thinking you know in golf you know 888 00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:20,640 how much sciences are in golf and i was 889 00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:22,240 shocked at how many rocket scientists 890 00:31:26,149 --> 00:31:24,159 how many engineers how many technicians 891 00:31:28,870 --> 00:31:26,159 how many materials scientists are 892 00:31:30,470 --> 00:31:28,880 dedicating their work to you know making 893 00:31:32,710 --> 00:31:30,480 better structures happens to be a golf 894 00:31:34,230 --> 00:31:32,720 club it's a it's pretty serious science 895 00:31:35,190 --> 00:31:34,240 i was very impressed 896 00:31:36,230 --> 00:31:35,200 so 897 00:31:40,789 --> 00:31:36,240 those 898 00:31:42,789 --> 00:31:40,799 durability structural 899 00:31:44,870 --> 00:31:42,799 also potentially 900 00:31:46,389 --> 00:31:44,880 galvanic corrosion could be prevented 901 00:31:48,950 --> 00:31:46,399 because you've got dissimilar materials 902 00:31:50,789 --> 00:31:48,960 that are joined and you need to have a 903 00:31:53,909 --> 00:31:50,799 good barrier between similar to similar 904 00:31:55,350 --> 00:31:53,919 materials so all of that would apply to 905 00:31:58,149 --> 00:31:55,360 of course the golf clubs that we're 906 00:32:00,149 --> 00:31:58,159 looking at and any other structures that 907 00:32:02,310 --> 00:32:00,159 are built that way i mean things that 908 00:32:05,110 --> 00:32:02,320 are put in space are built with similar 909 00:32:07,110 --> 00:32:05,120 materials and have similar 910 00:32:09,110 --> 00:32:07,120 challenges in terms of the manufacturing 911 00:32:12,230 --> 00:32:09,120 and the assembly and the use of those 912 00:32:13,190 --> 00:32:12,240 structures uh automobiles airplanes i 913 00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:13,200 mean 914 00:32:17,669 --> 00:32:15,760 there's a lot of commonality between the 915 00:32:20,470 --> 00:32:17,679 materials and structures in a golf club 916 00:32:22,389 --> 00:32:20,480 and many other things in life so 917 00:32:24,870 --> 00:32:22,399 and and i would also point to 918 00:32:26,950 --> 00:32:24,880 the rapid prototyping that's being done 919 00:32:28,789 --> 00:32:26,960 at some point 920 00:32:31,590 --> 00:32:28,799 somebody's going to want to put either a 921 00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:31,600 plating on top of that for connectivity 922 00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:33,360 right or structural improvement or 923 00:32:35,430 --> 00:32:34,640 durability 924 00:32:37,750 --> 00:32:35,440 so 925 00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:37,760 being able to plate in space in a 926 00:32:41,909 --> 00:32:39,600 microgravity environment is going to be 927 00:32:43,350 --> 00:32:41,919 important for those rapid prototype 928 00:32:44,549 --> 00:32:43,360 pieces that are made they won't be rapid 929 00:32:47,029 --> 00:32:44,559 prototypes at that point they're going 930 00:32:49,269 --> 00:32:47,039 to be things that we use in space 931 00:32:50,870 --> 00:32:49,279 so the enhancement of that product will 932 00:32:54,630 --> 00:32:50,880 be critical also so there's many 933 00:33:00,630 --> 00:32:57,110 james 934 00:33:02,710 --> 00:33:00,640 for explaining kind of the science 935 00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:02,720 elements of the golf club which was part 936 00:33:06,789 --> 00:33:04,559 of my question but um 937 00:33:08,950 --> 00:33:06,799 duane i was curious if you know 938 00:33:12,310 --> 00:33:08,960 on your end was there any concern at all 939 00:33:13,830 --> 00:33:12,320 about perception that 940 00:33:15,509 --> 00:33:13,840 you know working on a golf club wouldn't 941 00:33:17,909 --> 00:33:15,519 necessarily be the 942 00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:17,919 most serious use of a 100 billion dollar 943 00:33:21,590 --> 00:33:19,360 laboratory 944 00:33:23,830 --> 00:33:21,600 or on the flip side is this maybe like 945 00:33:25,669 --> 00:33:23,840 one of the best opportunities yet to 946 00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:25,679 wake up the average person to the fact 947 00:33:33,269 --> 00:33:28,880 that we even have a space station 948 00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:33,279 and and mike most curious whatever 949 00:33:41,590 --> 00:33:39,909 will it will it be 950 00:33:43,110 --> 00:33:41,600 uh valuable to you guys do you intend to 951 00:33:44,710 --> 00:33:43,120 use um 952 00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:44,720 from a marketing standpoint the fact 953 00:33:48,070 --> 00:33:46,480 that you've been in space and 954 00:33:49,830 --> 00:33:48,080 and done this kind of work up on on the 955 00:33:51,430 --> 00:33:49,840 space station is that something where 956 00:33:53,590 --> 00:33:51,440 you guys expect to 957 00:33:55,590 --> 00:33:53,600 generate you know commercial value just 958 00:33:56,310 --> 00:33:55,600 by being up there 959 00:33:58,389 --> 00:33:56,320 so 960 00:33:59,669 --> 00:33:58,399 i i honestly i'm hoping that whatever 961 00:34:01,830 --> 00:33:59,679 comes out of this will straighten out my 962 00:34:03,350 --> 00:34:01,840 slice so i guess uh 963 00:34:05,350 --> 00:34:03,360 i'm a little biased 964 00:34:06,630 --> 00:34:05,360 in the research 965 00:34:08,869 --> 00:34:06,640 um but 966 00:34:10,149 --> 00:34:08,879 no i first and foremost 967 00:34:11,190 --> 00:34:10,159 i think the way we need to look at this 968 00:34:16,869 --> 00:34:11,200 is 969 00:34:19,829 --> 00:34:16,879 industrial research and development on 970 00:34:21,270 --> 00:34:19,839 materials that is clearly targeted for 971 00:34:22,710 --> 00:34:21,280 the improvement of products that will go 972 00:34:25,589 --> 00:34:22,720 into the marketplace 973 00:34:27,030 --> 00:34:25,599 and and honestly this is one example um 974 00:34:29,190 --> 00:34:27,040 probably one of the best examples to 975 00:34:31,109 --> 00:34:29,200 date that i can think of really 976 00:34:33,109 --> 00:34:31,119 illustrates the mission of cases and 977 00:34:36,069 --> 00:34:33,119 that is looking at how 978 00:34:37,990 --> 00:34:36,079 r d in a national laboratory has 979 00:34:39,270 --> 00:34:38,000 terrestrial impact direct 980 00:34:41,030 --> 00:34:39,280 there's no questions about it what 981 00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:41,040 they're doing they're spending their own 982 00:34:44,149 --> 00:34:42,720 capital and their own money to do 983 00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:44,159 industrial research and development that 984 00:34:47,750 --> 00:34:46,720 will tie into their product enhancement 985 00:34:50,230 --> 00:34:47,760 and will need to be sold on the 986 00:34:52,790 --> 00:34:50,240 marketplace um this is a for-profit 987 00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:52,800 company and um we're really excited that 988 00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:54,320 this research may translate into a 989 00:34:58,390 --> 00:34:55,760 product maybe it will be a golf club 990 00:35:00,150 --> 00:34:58,400 maybe it'll be something else um but yet 991 00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:00,160 james you're absolutely right this is 992 00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:02,880 also a great opportunity for us as part 993 00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:04,320 of our other mission within cases to 994 00:35:08,150 --> 00:35:06,000 conduct the outreach and advocacy and 995 00:35:10,069 --> 00:35:08,160 awareness of the iss and the iss 996 00:35:12,390 --> 00:35:10,079 national laboratory and what better 997 00:35:14,470 --> 00:35:12,400 story to tell that there is a 998 00:35:17,589 --> 00:35:14,480 recreational 999 00:35:20,550 --> 00:35:17,599 company um who is investing 1000 00:35:23,750 --> 00:35:20,560 their own r d dollars in hopes of 1001 00:35:25,190 --> 00:35:23,760 improving their products and yes we will 1002 00:35:27,030 --> 00:35:25,200 probably both capitalize on the brand 1003 00:35:28,790 --> 00:35:27,040 that may be created as a secondary 1004 00:35:30,550 --> 00:35:28,800 result of the significant research 1005 00:35:31,589 --> 00:35:30,560 that's taken place 1006 00:35:32,310 --> 00:35:31,599 yeah 1007 00:35:35,270 --> 00:35:32,320 and 1008 00:35:37,270 --> 00:35:35,280 your question on marketing uh 1009 00:35:39,430 --> 00:35:37,280 i can tell you we've got in our building 1010 00:35:40,790 --> 00:35:39,440 probably 30 to 40 people totally 1011 00:35:42,870 --> 00:35:40,800 dedicated to 1012 00:35:45,109 --> 00:35:42,880 you know the science and the 1013 00:35:46,550 --> 00:35:45,119 manufacturing the engineering the design 1014 00:35:48,630 --> 00:35:46,560 of the product and you've got a handful 1015 00:35:50,310 --> 00:35:48,640 of marketing people and and they've got 1016 00:35:52,870 --> 00:35:50,320 to figure out at times how to make what 1017 00:35:54,390 --> 00:35:52,880 we do more interesting i mean it's very 1018 00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:54,400 interesting to engineers and scientists 1019 00:35:58,710 --> 00:35:56,400 right we we love what we're doing the 1020 00:36:00,230 --> 00:35:58,720 average golfer it might escape them a 1021 00:36:01,829 --> 00:36:00,240 little bit because like dwayne said he 1022 00:36:03,349 --> 00:36:01,839 just wants to reduce the slice well 1023 00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:03,359 there's a ton of science that goes into 1024 00:36:06,870 --> 00:36:05,200 doing that and so when the marketing 1025 00:36:08,630 --> 00:36:06,880 people see it and they say so we'll 1026 00:36:10,950 --> 00:36:08,640 actually be able to say we've done some 1027 00:36:12,310 --> 00:36:10,960 research that was significant and 1028 00:36:13,910 --> 00:36:12,320 again i'm going to emphasize its 1029 00:36:15,670 --> 00:36:13,920 research right that's the whole point of 1030 00:36:17,510 --> 00:36:15,680 this it is research we don't know if 1031 00:36:18,790 --> 00:36:17,520 we're going to see an improvement a 1032 00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:18,800 degradation 1033 00:36:22,870 --> 00:36:21,040 we're assuming not assuming we know 1034 00:36:24,870 --> 00:36:22,880 we'll see a change 1035 00:36:26,790 --> 00:36:24,880 the hypothesis we'll see is we'll see an 1036 00:36:28,470 --> 00:36:26,800 improvement and back to the marketing 1037 00:36:30,390 --> 00:36:28,480 guys you know being able to say hey we 1038 00:36:33,109 --> 00:36:30,400 did some research that we couldn't do 1039 00:36:35,430 --> 00:36:33,119 here on earth that help us make a better 1040 00:36:37,670 --> 00:36:35,440 material that happens to be used in a 1041 00:36:40,230 --> 00:36:37,680 golf club you know they can't think of 1042 00:36:42,710 --> 00:36:40,240 anything better in order to you know 1043 00:36:45,430 --> 00:36:42,720 excite someone and get them interested 1044 00:36:47,270 --> 00:36:45,440 into something that you know it looks 1045 00:36:49,109 --> 00:36:47,280 like you know it's a metal object 1046 00:36:50,870 --> 00:36:49,119 sitting there right 1047 00:36:52,630 --> 00:36:50,880 there's so much science that goes into 1048 00:36:53,990 --> 00:36:52,640 it and our job is to you know make it a 1049 00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:54,000 great golf club and then some people 1050 00:36:57,510 --> 00:36:55,599 have to you know talk about it and get 1051 00:36:59,829 --> 00:36:57,520 people interested in it so they're 1052 00:37:02,630 --> 00:36:59,839 highly interested in leveraging the made 1053 00:37:04,069 --> 00:37:02,640 in space portion of this and that's a 1054 00:37:05,750 --> 00:37:04,079 good point i think 1055 00:37:07,589 --> 00:37:05,760 we actually want to capitalize on the 1056 00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:07,599 brand awareness that this can create 1057 00:37:11,430 --> 00:37:09,760 again for our our own personal interests 1058 00:37:13,510 --> 00:37:11,440 which is um creating awareness of the 1059 00:37:15,109 --> 00:37:13,520 iss but also promoting 1060 00:37:17,510 --> 00:37:15,119 what can come from utilization of the 1061 00:37:19,990 --> 00:37:17,520 iss and so cases has invested in 1062 00:37:22,150 --> 00:37:20,000 trademarking a brand which is spaces and 1063 00:37:24,150 --> 00:37:22,160 as mike mentions and we're hopeful that 1064 00:37:25,670 --> 00:37:24,160 as a result of this research and 1065 00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:25,680 ultimately that technology being 1066 00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,800 deployed 1067 00:37:29,990 --> 00:37:28,480 into a product that's sold on the market 1068 00:37:31,589 --> 00:37:30,000 that that brand 1069 00:37:36,150 --> 00:37:31,599 will be a part of that and that we will 1070 00:37:40,069 --> 00:37:37,430 ken did you have another question yeah 1071 00:37:42,470 --> 00:37:40,079 hi ken kramer for america's space for uh 1072 00:37:44,870 --> 00:37:42,480 novartis i'm wondering if is this your 1073 00:37:46,390 --> 00:37:44,880 first experiment on the iss or do you 1074 00:37:49,109 --> 00:37:46,400 have others what are your plans for the 1075 00:37:51,750 --> 00:37:49,119 future and and your research will help 1076 00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:51,760 um not just people on the ground but you 1077 00:37:55,910 --> 00:37:54,079 expect it to have applicability to the 1078 00:37:57,829 --> 00:37:55,920 astronauts and perhaps long duration 1079 00:38:00,550 --> 00:37:57,839 space flight thanks 1080 00:38:02,390 --> 00:38:00,560 absolutely so um this is my first 1081 00:38:04,069 --> 00:38:02,400 involvement in an experiment i can't 1082 00:38:05,670 --> 00:38:04,079 speak to whether or not we've conducted 1083 00:38:09,349 --> 00:38:05,680 others but for our muscle group this is 1084 00:38:12,550 --> 00:38:09,359 absolutely the first first one for us 1085 00:38:15,190 --> 00:38:12,560 and in terms of applications for space 1086 00:38:17,589 --> 00:38:15,200 travel i think 1087 00:38:19,349 --> 00:38:17,599 really we're really excited about 1088 00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:19,359 the opportunity to 1089 00:38:23,109 --> 00:38:21,520 be in an environment where muscle 1090 00:38:24,630 --> 00:38:23,119 atrophy occurs 1091 00:38:27,349 --> 00:38:24,640 i spend a lot of my time in the lab 1092 00:38:30,230 --> 00:38:27,359 creating artificially muscle atrophy so 1093 00:38:31,510 --> 00:38:30,240 to be able to get data from a 1094 00:38:34,470 --> 00:38:31,520 research 1095 00:38:36,230 --> 00:38:34,480 station that that happens naturally it's 1096 00:38:37,910 --> 00:38:36,240 kind of it's very exciting for us 1097 00:38:39,109 --> 00:38:37,920 because it will really lead to some sort 1098 00:38:41,190 --> 00:38:39,119 of future 1099 00:38:42,790 --> 00:38:41,200 understandings that maybe perhaps 1100 00:38:45,990 --> 00:38:42,800 through our artificial creation on earth 1101 00:38:47,349 --> 00:38:46,000 we don't necessarily catch or observe 1102 00:38:49,430 --> 00:38:47,359 but i do see 1103 00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:49,440 sort of not just a patient benefit on 1104 00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:50,400 earth but 1105 00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:53,119 for long term space man space flight 1106 00:38:55,270 --> 00:38:54,400 it's definitely going to be something 1107 00:38:57,349 --> 00:38:55,280 that 1108 00:38:58,550 --> 00:38:57,359 you know muscle loss and bone loss will 1109 00:39:00,310 --> 00:38:58,560 definitely need to be something that's 1110 00:39:01,990 --> 00:39:00,320 addressed and hopefully you know this is 1111 00:39:04,390 --> 00:39:02,000 the first step in starting to answer 1112 00:39:06,150 --> 00:39:04,400 some of those questions 1113 00:39:07,990 --> 00:39:06,160 marcia 1114 00:39:09,430 --> 00:39:08,000 press with a golf and a printer question 1115 00:39:10,950 --> 00:39:09,440 um could you explain what are the 1116 00:39:12,230 --> 00:39:10,960 samples that you're flying how big are 1117 00:39:14,710 --> 00:39:12,240 they how many 1118 00:39:15,990 --> 00:39:14,720 um and do they come back on this dragon 1119 00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:16,000 and the same for the printer how long 1120 00:39:20,470 --> 00:39:17,599 will your printer stay up and when does 1121 00:39:22,150 --> 00:39:20,480 the next version go up 1122 00:39:24,390 --> 00:39:22,160 so that the parts that we're going to 1123 00:39:26,470 --> 00:39:24,400 fly will be there'll be 20 of them and 1124 00:39:28,310 --> 00:39:26,480 they're roughly about 1125 00:39:29,829 --> 00:39:28,320 say 50 millimeters in diameter about 10 1126 00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:29,839 millimeters tall 1127 00:39:34,390 --> 00:39:32,000 and they'll be in two separate 1128 00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:34,400 experiments so we're doing two separate 1129 00:39:39,670 --> 00:39:36,720 plating durations and those parts will 1130 00:39:41,430 --> 00:39:39,680 be coming down um on a subsequent flight 1131 00:39:43,430 --> 00:39:41,440 they will not come back on the on the 1132 00:39:46,069 --> 00:39:43,440 same capsule to come back on a 1133 00:39:48,310 --> 00:39:46,079 subsequent flight 1134 00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:48,320 for the 3d printer we have no plans 1135 00:39:53,030 --> 00:39:50,880 actually to return the printer itself 1136 00:39:55,030 --> 00:39:53,040 for the first initial parts it is 1137 00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:55,040 absolutely time critical 1138 00:39:58,630 --> 00:39:56,560 that we get those back as soon as 1139 00:40:00,390 --> 00:39:58,640 possible and the reason why is i 1140 00:40:02,150 --> 00:40:00,400 mentioned earlier those very first 1141 00:40:03,829 --> 00:40:02,160 initial coupons 1142 00:40:06,310 --> 00:40:03,839 even though we'll get some some 1143 00:40:07,910 --> 00:40:06,320 preliminary feedback from the video 1144 00:40:09,190 --> 00:40:07,920 we really need to test those on the 1145 00:40:11,030 --> 00:40:09,200 ground and compare them to the ground 1146 00:40:12,950 --> 00:40:11,040 controls and we have a test matrix for 1147 00:40:15,190 --> 00:40:12,960 doing just that and the sooner we get 1148 00:40:16,950 --> 00:40:15,200 those back we can close out the final 1149 00:40:19,109 --> 00:40:16,960 design of the additive manufacturing 1150 00:40:21,190 --> 00:40:19,119 facility the commercial facility 1151 00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:21,200 that will follow 1152 00:40:24,390 --> 00:40:22,560 so we're hoping to get those back on the 1153 00:40:27,109 --> 00:40:24,400 first available 1154 00:40:29,109 --> 00:40:27,119 flight home spacex 5 would probably be 1155 00:40:30,390 --> 00:40:29,119 the first opportunity as far as the 1156 00:40:32,710 --> 00:40:30,400 printer 1157 00:40:34,310 --> 00:40:32,720 up 1158 00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:34,320 we're looking at the possibility of 1159 00:40:38,150 --> 00:40:36,720 leaving the tech demo on orbit because 1160 00:40:40,390 --> 00:40:38,160 we'll want to continue testing other 1161 00:40:42,630 --> 00:40:40,400 materials maybe 1162 00:40:46,069 --> 00:40:42,640 we might tweak the way we handle some of 1163 00:40:47,910 --> 00:40:46,079 our operations or some of our modularity 1164 00:40:49,190 --> 00:40:47,920 we're looking at ways to do in-space 1165 00:40:51,030 --> 00:40:49,200 metals 1166 00:40:54,150 --> 00:40:51,040 we're also looking at ways that we can 1167 00:40:57,510 --> 00:40:54,160 use a regular simulant a lunar or 1168 00:40:59,030 --> 00:40:57,520 martian simulant to 3d print and and 1169 00:41:00,710 --> 00:40:59,040 just like with the plastic there's no 1170 00:41:03,030 --> 00:41:00,720 other place to do that besides space 1171 00:41:05,109 --> 00:41:03,040 station so leaving the technology 1172 00:41:06,790 --> 00:41:05,119 demonstration on board to do just that 1173 00:41:09,270 --> 00:41:06,800 to continue demonstrating different 1174 00:41:13,430 --> 00:41:09,280 technologies would be ideal um in in 1175 00:41:16,710 --> 00:41:14,950 when do you think it's the earliest that 1176 00:41:20,870 --> 00:41:16,720 you're the next version of the printer 1177 00:41:22,150 --> 00:41:20,880 and 2015 is the goal mid to late 1178 00:41:23,829 --> 00:41:22,160 obviously we still have to go through 1179 00:41:24,790 --> 00:41:23,839 the same flight certification maiden 1180 00:41:27,430 --> 00:41:24,800 space will be going through the same 1181 00:41:31,349 --> 00:41:27,440 flight certification and safety protocol 1182 00:41:34,390 --> 00:41:32,710 okay 1183 00:41:36,309 --> 00:41:34,400 we have time for one final question here 1184 00:41:38,309 --> 00:41:36,319 in the front 1185 00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:38,319 hey this is megan again with space.com i 1186 00:41:42,230 --> 00:41:39,760 just have a follow-up question about the 1187 00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:42,240 3d printing um so when the coupons come 1188 00:41:45,349 --> 00:41:43,760 back to the ground how will you test 1189 00:41:46,470 --> 00:41:45,359 them what kinds of changes are you going 1190 00:41:49,190 --> 00:41:46,480 to look for 1191 00:41:53,109 --> 00:41:49,200 so we actually have a a b basis test 1192 00:41:54,390 --> 00:41:53,119 matrix um we use the astm standards 1193 00:41:56,309 --> 00:41:54,400 and we have our ground controls that 1194 00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:56,319 were printed on the exact same printer 1195 00:41:59,510 --> 00:41:57,920 before flight 1196 00:42:01,750 --> 00:41:59,520 so we have our added manufacturing 1197 00:42:04,069 --> 00:42:01,760 facility there at marshall space flight 1198 00:42:06,470 --> 00:42:04,079 center the labs they've actually been 1199 00:42:08,390 --> 00:42:06,480 been doing this since about 1999 when 1200 00:42:10,630 --> 00:42:08,400 our principal investigator ken cooper 1201 00:42:12,390 --> 00:42:10,640 first flew a parabolic flight and so 1202 00:42:13,750 --> 00:42:12,400 they have a very detailed protocol and 1203 00:42:15,030 --> 00:42:13,760 test matrix 1204 00:42:16,470 --> 00:42:15,040 but it's the things that you might 1205 00:42:18,710 --> 00:42:16,480 imagine to see if there are any material 1206 00:42:20,230 --> 00:42:18,720 characterization changes we're 1207 00:42:22,390 --> 00:42:20,240 particularly interested in the 1208 00:42:24,470 --> 00:42:22,400 mechanical properties obviously 1209 00:42:26,630 --> 00:42:24,480 to be able to use this material for 1210 00:42:30,790 --> 00:42:26,640 various utilization capabilities of 1211 00:42:34,390 --> 00:42:32,790 duane do uh you or any anyone else on 1212 00:42:35,670 --> 00:42:34,400 the panel have any uh closing remarks 1213 00:42:38,230 --> 00:42:35,680 before we 1214 00:42:40,069 --> 00:42:38,240 yeah we have been waiting for this 1215 00:42:42,550 --> 00:42:40,079 flight for quite some time and we're 1216 00:42:44,470 --> 00:42:42,560 very excited for spacex for as i 1217 00:42:45,510 --> 00:42:44,480 mentioned when we opened up this this 1218 00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:45,520 afternoon 1219 00:42:49,829 --> 00:42:47,520 this morning actually um this panel 1220 00:42:51,349 --> 00:42:49,839 actually represents uh the diversity of 1221 00:42:53,510 --> 00:42:51,359 the research that we have uh going on 1222 00:42:54,550 --> 00:42:53,520 but i'll also mention very quickly that 1223 00:42:56,870 --> 00:42:54,560 um 1224 00:42:59,349 --> 00:42:56,880 in support of our earlier mission on 1225 00:43:01,190 --> 00:42:59,359 spacex 3 where we delivered 1226 00:43:03,829 --> 00:43:01,200 six protein crystallization experiments 1227 00:43:05,430 --> 00:43:03,839 we have two additional ones that will be 1228 00:43:08,230 --> 00:43:05,440 delivered on this flight one is with the 1229 00:43:10,069 --> 00:43:08,240 broad institute out of mit they are 1230 00:43:12,470 --> 00:43:10,079 working on a new platform that has been 1231 00:43:14,309 --> 00:43:12,480 developed by nanoracks and emerald bio 1232 00:43:16,069 --> 00:43:14,319 again it represents commercially 1233 00:43:18,150 --> 00:43:16,079 available off-the-shelf state-of-the-art 1234 00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:18,160 technology that's used in ground labs 1235 00:43:22,470 --> 00:43:20,240 and we're looking to to conduct some 1236 00:43:24,630 --> 00:43:22,480 proprietary protein crystal studies on 1237 00:43:26,950 --> 00:43:24,640 that we also have a follow-on study from 1238 00:43:28,870 --> 00:43:26,960 one of our original investigators and 1239 00:43:30,150 --> 00:43:28,880 when spacex 4 returns we have three of 1240 00:43:31,829 --> 00:43:30,160 our customers coming back from that 1241 00:43:33,670 --> 00:43:31,839 spacex 3 1242 00:43:35,670 --> 00:43:33,680 launch we also have the veterans 1243 00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:35,680 administration as a 1244 00:43:41,510 --> 00:43:38,480 customer looking at some 1245 00:43:43,430 --> 00:43:41,520 drug studies on model organisms and so 1246 00:43:45,430 --> 00:43:43,440 that is part of our other government 1247 00:43:46,309 --> 00:43:45,440 agency support that we are 1248 00:43:47,270 --> 00:43:46,319 also 1249 00:43:48,790 --> 00:43:47,280 under 1250 00:43:50,470 --> 00:43:48,800 the cooperative agreement where we're 1251 00:43:52,069 --> 00:43:50,480 required to support 1252 00:43:53,750 --> 00:43:52,079 so we have a lot of opportunities going 1253 00:43:56,150 --> 00:43:53,760 up on this one we're really excited for 1254 00:43:57,430 --> 00:43:56,160 it so uh we can't wait for uh launch on 1255 00:43:59,349 --> 00:43:57,440 saturday 1256 00:44:01,589 --> 00:43:59,359 yeah it's going to be exciting i think 1257 00:44:03,270 --> 00:44:01,599 you can see everybody is excited we have 1258 00:44:05,589 --> 00:44:03,280 uh we also have a video that we're going 1259 00:44:07,109 --> 00:44:05,599 to play uh when we're done here that 1260 00:44:08,150 --> 00:44:07,119 talks a little bit more about cases and 1261 00:44:11,990 --> 00:44:08,160 some of the 1262 00:44:13,910 --> 00:44:12,000 investigations that you brought forth 1263 00:44:15,589 --> 00:44:13,920 so we look forward to that as well 1264 00:44:17,990 --> 00:44:15,599 coming up at 11 o'clock we'll have a 1265 00:44:19,510 --> 00:44:18,000 briefing today on model organisms and 1266 00:44:21,510 --> 00:44:19,520 you can keep track of all of the 1267 00:44:24,309 --> 00:44:21,520 research and everything that's leading 1268 00:44:26,630 --> 00:44:24,319 toward the launch of the spacex crs4 1269 00:44:30,230 --> 00:44:26,640 launch which currently is slated for 2